![]() Stage of breast cancer in relation to body mass index and bra cup size. Hall HI, Coates RJ, Uhler RJ, Brinton LA, Gammon MD, Brogan D, et al.The relationship between breast asymmetry, breast size and the occurrence of breast cancer. ![]() Scutt D, Manning JT, Whitehouse GH, Leinster SJ, Massey CP.Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants. Breast size and prognosis in early breast cancer. The relation of breast size to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (United States) Cancer Causes Control. Egan KM, Newcomb PA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Trentham-Dietz A, Baron JA, Willett WC, et al.Body size and breast cancer risk in black women and white women: the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Hall IJ, Newman B, Millikan RC, Moorman PG.Breast size as risk factor for tumor size at diagnosis. Hasenburg A, Grothey A, Jaspers V, Gitsch G, Spatling L.Hoe AL, Mullee MA, Royle GT, Guyer PB, Taylor I.Breast size, handedness and breast cancer risk. Do big breasts disadvantage women with breast cancer? Aust N Z J Surg. Ingram DM, Huang HY, Catchpole BN, Roberts A.A prospective study of breast size and premenopausal breast cancer incidence. Kusano AS, Trichopoulos D, Terry KL, Chen WY, Willett WC, Michels KB.Increased lymph node metastases at mastectomy for breast cancer associated with host obesity, cigarette smoking, age, and large tumor size. Obesity as a risk factor for development and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Authors concluded that differences in etiologic effects, rather than differences in detection methods, might explain the relations observed between stage and both BMI and breast size. These relationships were not modified by the method of detection. A case-case comparison found that Odds of late-stage disease were increased with larger bra cup size (OR for cup D vs. The Nurses' Health Study II reported that a larger bra cup size at a young age is associated with a higher incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, though this association is limited to leaner women after studying the Bra cup size at age 20 among 89,268 premenopausal women aged 29–47. In a large, population-based case-control study of women aged 50 to 79 years in the USA Breast size before a pregnancy was found to be a positive predictor of postmenopausal breast cancer, but this association was limited to those who were especially lean as young women. It was hypothesised that women with large breasts are more likely to have node positive disease mainly attributable to their breast size.Ī prospective study of 123 patients with primary breast cancer to determine whether patients with larger breasts (determined by cup size) have larger tumours reported that patients with bigger breasts had larger tumours in both symptomatic and screen detected group. Most but not all studies have found an increasing tumour size with larger breasts but only a few reported studies have found a high rate of node positivity in larger breasts. Most of studies addressing these issues are case control or cohort studies, the size of a large breast has not been defined by most studies and the methodology for measuring big breast is also varied using mammographic volume measurements, self-reported bra cup size and the size of mastectomy specimen. The evidence for either of these causes of poor prognosis is complex and controversial. This poor outcome of breast cancer in obesity can be attributed to either the larger tumour size at presentation or the increased susceptibility to lymph node positivity. It is also suggested that women with large breasts may develop lymph node metastasis at a smaller size of primary breast cancer than those with smaller breast because of altered host responses. It is argued that women with large breasts have more advanced stage of disease at presentation as the larger breasts of obese women may make it difficult to detect early disease by palpation. The larger size of the breasts is more common in obesity which is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer in both pre and postmenopausal women. The present literature on the large size of breast and the stage of breast cancer is controversial.
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